They were introduced as part of the Jim Crow laws to deter black Americans from voting. These taxes were widely utilized as a form of voter prevention in southern states after the abolition of slavery. This caused issues for various workers that had to move frequently and were unable to maintain proper bookkeeping. Voters were then required to bring proof of payment on election day. Often, legislatures required the tax to be paid on a day separate from the polls. Poll taxes were a prerequisite to voting registration in many states. To increase this revenue, poll taxes were also frequently extended to the process of obtaining hunting, fishing, and driving licenses. Revenue from poll taxes acted as a major source of funding for state governments. These taxes were occasionally paired with literacy tests to prove qualification to vote. Poll taxes are a fixed tax on individuals, regardless of income voters must pay the tax before they are permitted to cast a ballot. Main article: Poll taxes in the United StatesĬapitation taxes, also known as poll taxes, were initially created in the 1890s. Influential colonial taxation policies Stamp Act The issue that led to the Revolution was whether parliament had the right to impose taxes on the Americans when they were not represented in parliament. Taxes were low at the local, colonial, and imperial levels throughout the colonial era. The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution did not create a new tax.Ĭolonial taxation A British newspaper cartoon reacts to the repeal of the Stamp Act in 1765. In 1913, the 16th Amendment was ratified, however, the United States Constitution Article 1, Section 9 defines a direct tax. The United States imposed income taxes briefly during the Civil War and the 1890s. State and federal inheritance taxes began after 1900, while the states (but not the federal government) began collecting sales taxes in the 1930s. In addition, there were the state and federal excise taxes. States and localities collected poll taxes on voters and property taxes on land and commercial buildings. The independent nation collected taxes on imports ( "tariffs"), whiskey, and (for a while) on glass windows. The history of taxation in the United States begins with the colonial protest against British taxation policy in the 1760s, leading to the American Revolution.
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